Development and Characterization of Sodium Alginate Beads for Metformin

The metformin is anti diabetic drug. In this study the sodium alginate beads were prepared with different oils preparing emulsion first. The drug is entrapped and measured for its drug content and swelling index. The beads were prepared and evaluated on different parameters.&nbsp

Pulsatile Drug Delivery System – A Novel Approach for Time and Spatial Controlled Drug Delivery

The area of pharmaceutical research is broadened with the invention of new pharmaceutical drug delivery system. The traditional drug deliveries systems have not the way to treat or cure special disease or as well as the common disease with less side effects and maximized efficacy. ODDS have various advantages and disadvantages but their disadvantages are overcome by the CDDS. CDDS although they overcome the disadvantages of ODDS but do not handle the special pharmacological disease requirements. To overcome this PDDS is established to overcome the disadvantages of CDDS. PDDS has gained importance in the drug delivery system because of improved patient compliance, therapeutic efficacy and having fewer side effects. PDDS uses lag time for delivery of drug in body. Various systems are there in PDDS to overcome the patient’s special chronopharmacological needs

Pharmacogenomics: Applications in Drug Discovery and Pharmacotherapy

Pharmacogenomics is the scientific study which explains individual variability of drug targets and to explore the genetic basis for such changes. With the completion of human genomic study, clear relation could now be established between the drug response in relation to a person’s genome. Pharmacogenomics, also known as personalized medicine, uses the person’s genome to determine the dose and dosage regimen, so that therapy could be optimized. As with the techniques like DNA microarray technologies person’s response to a therapy can be predicted and new therapies could be assigned. In the present review, the current technologies, and past significance has been discussed

Tailormade Drug Delivery System: A Novel Trio Concept of 3DP+ Hydrogel+ SLA

Hydrogels possess three-dimensional polymeric network structure and equipped for retaining extensive measure of water or organic fluids. This quality makes them as exceptional candidate for the simulation of extra cellular matrixes. For this the three dimensional printing (3DP) has evolved as the technique for the formation of the digital models. The 3DP is capable for processing the prescriptions and the therapeutic gadgets. One of the technique known as stereolithographic (SLA) printing has shown promising results in formulating the hydrogel based system for fabrication. The SLA acts by cross connecting the saps to shape the polymer matrices. Due to water captured in the gels it is conceivable to create the pre- wetted, medicate hydrogels and gadgets. The 3DP helps in formation of tailor made drug delivery system as per needs of patients. Many of Bioinks has been tried up for the hydrogel formation such as collagen, gelatin, hyaluronan, silk, alginate, and nanocellulose etc. Keywords: 3D Printing, Hydrogel, Steriolithograph

Factors Influencing Suicidal Behaviour among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from North India

In the majority of the affected nations, suicidal behavior against COVID-19 leads to various concerns. This study aimed to analyze determinants affecting suicidal behaviour among university students in Uttarakhand. An online cross-sectional survey of 18-year-old university students in Uttarakhand was conducted between April 2 and May 13, 2022. The questionnaire comprised socio-demographic information, the Suicidal Behaviors’ Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale, and elements related to the physical and psychological health of COVID-19 (CRPPF). The statistical study included demographic information, basic statistics in terms of frequency and percentage, and logistic regression. In comparison to students with fewer than seven family members, students with more than seven family members were less likely to participate in suicide behaviour (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.79 to 2.67) and vice versa (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.97). According to the study, a substantial majority of students (76.35%) claimed that the lockdown implemented to stop the spread of COVID-19 was extremely upsetting for them and that the pandemic had caused them to miss their graduation (73.90%). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression shows that feelings of a burden on family, (AOR= 1.98, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.82), distancing from family or friends, (AOR =1.66; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.01), having relationship dilemmas, (AOR= 2.31; 95% CI: 1.84 to 2.97), and being anxious during the lockdown, (AOR= 1.84; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.27), are significant factors among participants that are linked to higher risk of engaging in suicidal behaviour. The possibility of university students engaging in suicide behaviour was significantly affected by numerous factors. In addition to defending the students' mental health, the concerned authorities should devise and implement strategies to safeguard the students' physical health

Medicalization of sexuality and sexual health: A perspective review

Sexuality has become a medical issue in the context of aging due to a variety of aspects, such as growing life expectancy, an optimistic societal paradigm that indorses sexuality as significant for the superiority of life with age, and the medicalization of sexuality with the emergence of remedial medicines to extravagance sexual dysfunction. At any age, a reduction in the desire for sexual activity or inadequate performance of sexual intercourse is considered atypical and requires a medicinal treatment response. However, despite concerns that this is leading to an unhealthy obsession with sexuality from a medical perspective, this line of thinking is likely to continue. In this context, people can identify and take advantage of sexual problems. Sexual desire and performance are affected by normal physiological changes associated with aging in both genders. Medical experts must understand these changes to optimize sexual functioning in older patients. Sexual health can only be improved by addressing both sexual rights and enjoyment, even in the current politically charged context. Through legislation, programming, and lobbying, we may all work to enhance health, happiness, and quality of life by fostering more positive associations between sexual health, sexual rights, and sexual pleasure. This calls for not just a thorough understanding of the real-world consequences of these ideas' interconnectivity, but also conceptual, individual, and systemic approaches that properly acknowledge and alleviate the problems imposed on people's lives due to insufficient consideration of these links. This review describes the factors associated with aging and sexuality, the normalization and medicalization of sexual health, and unusual situations associated with aging, including institutionalized care and the prospects of elder abuse

Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak re-emergence regulation in East Africa: preparedness and vaccination perspective

Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, and Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) are the most potentially life-threatening and grievous species reported among the Ebolavirus genus. Previously, the most common cases pointed to EBOV as the primary causative agent of Ebolavirus epidemics and fatalities. From 2013 to 2016, a devastating EBOV outbreak in West Africa resulted in 29,000 illness cases, prompting WHO global member countries to prioritise vaccine candidates in the early stages of development. The impending spread of EBOV in Guinea, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo highlighted the ongoing need for secure and effective vaccine programmes against emerging infections using the most secure deployment precautions and methodologies. The West Africa outbreak and all current outbreaks in other countries have been prevented through the effective immunisation of healthy individuals through vaccination and their interactions with identified patients, medical practitioners, and frontline emergency professionals. Despite the fact that EBOV outbreaks previously only infected a small percentage of the global population, they have occasionally caused widespread suffering and huge economic costs in endemic countries. Reported transmission of such viruses beyond nonendemic zones in conjunction with the bioweapon potentiality of ebolaviruses necessitates the discovery and production of EBOV vaccines globally.O

Old Enemy with a New Face: Re-emerging Monkeypox Disease – An Update

Human monkeypox (MPX), a multi-country re-emerging disease, is rapidly spreading around the world. The etiological agent of this disease, Monkeypox virus (MPXV), is a DNA virus classified into three genetic types (West Africa, Congo Basin clade, and one new clade-3). Atypical or unusual symptoms as well as asymptomatic infection of MPXV has also been reported. Transmission among humans is possible by droplets, contact, sexual intercourse, and fomites. Secondary transmission of this disease has been reported to occur in less than 10% of cases where it was found 35%–88% of smallpox. Mother-to-fetus transmission by vertical route is also possible for this disease. Modern equipment, biosafety level-3 laboratory facilities, and trained expert persons are needed to diagnose this disease. Previous data support that ~85% clinical protection is provided by smallpox vaccines for monkeypox, although initially non-human primates models were used for various experiments, and also side-effects of this vaccine have been notably mentioned in various studies. Limited research findings of JYNNEOS vaccine has supported the comparatively lower prevalence of MPX cases with vaccination. Few drugs, including cidofovir, tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and vaccinia immune globulin intravenous are preferable against this disease, although clinical trial data is limited and FDA-approval is also pending. This review-based study presents an overall scenario of Monkeypox disease (MPXD) based on previously published studies. Recommended clinical treatment and vaccination, appropriate infection prevention and control strategies, adopting one health approach, and quick identification of hotspots using a wastewater-based surveillance system need to be followed to check the further spread of MPX outbreaks

Marine macrolides to tackle antimicrobial resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis has become a major health problem globally. This is worsened by the emergence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing ability to evade the effectiveness of the current antimycobacterial therapies. Therefore, the efforts carried out to explore new entities from many sources, including marine, are critical. This review summarizes several marine-derived macrolides that show promising activity against M. tuberculosis. We also provide information regarding the biosynthetic processes of marine macrolides, including the challenges that are usually experienced in this process. As most of the studies reporting the antimycobacterial activities of the listed marine macrolides are based on in vitro studies, the future direction should consider expanding the trials to in vivo and clinical trials. In addition, in silico studies should also be explored for a quick screening on marine macrolides with potent activities against mycobacterial infection. To sum up, macrolides derived from marine organisms might become therapeutical options for tackling antimycobacterial resistance of M. tuberculosis.Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Indonesia | Ref. 020/E5/PG.02.00PT/202

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole derivatives as selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Potential anti-Alzheimer’s agents

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and cognition skills. Dysfunction of acetylcholine containing neurons in the brain contributes substantially to the cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease. Hence, our focus is to synthesize cholinesterase inhibitors. A series (22 compounds) of 6- and 9-substituted derivatives of 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole have been prepared and in vitro evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition by Ellman’s method. By comparing selectivity with standard drug donepezil, amino derivative 3, methylamino derivative 4 and butyl nitro derivative 17 have been found to be selective AChE inhibitors. Borsche-Drechsel cyclization reaction has been carried out to synthesize 2,3,4,9-tetrahydrocarbazole ring followed by nitration, reduction and derivative synthesis.